Research Security for Actionable Science Diplomacy – Kana Asano and Tateo Arimoto
Almost 15 years have passed since New Frontiers in Science Diplomacy introduced three pillars of science diplomacy: science in diplomacy, diplomacy for science, and science for diplomacy. Since then, in 2017, science and technology advisors from New Zealand, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan proposed three categories for pragmatic reframing of science diplomacy: 1) actions designed to directly advance a country’s national needs, 2) actions designed to address cross-border interests, 3) actions primarily designed to meet global needs and challenges. Science diplomacy has now spread throughout the world, including the Global South. Simultaneously, the global situation has changed dramatically with rising geopolitical tensions, pandemics, emerging technologies, and research security concerns. How are these changes shaping the practice of science diplomacy?