It has been 15 years since the publication of the joint AAAS-Royal Society report New Frontiers in Science Diplomacy.¹ To mark that anniversary, our two organizations are revisiting our report, aiming to publish an update to it in early 2025. Over the past year, we have consulted stakeholders widely, aiming to gather a diverse range of views and input for that update. This special issue for Science & Diplomacy is a key part of that work, reflecting on the past 15 years and looking ahead to the role of science diplomacy in a rapidly evolving geopolitical context….